“Building energy saving 50%†is a hot topic in the near future. The standard expression of the relevant state departments is “to promote the strict implementation of design standards for energy-saving 50% of new residential and public buildingsâ€. However, the reporter found that as a "hard bar" to promote energy conservation in China's buildings, this standard is inconsistent in its implementation: some say "already realized", while others say "unable to achieve under existing conditions."
What is the energy-saving reference for energy-saving “benchmark construction�
According to the “Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings in the Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zoneâ€, which was issued by the Ministry of Construction on October 1, 2001, the energy-saving “standard building†is “the residential building built in the same area in the early 1980s when the reform and opening upâ€, according to the residential buildings in the area. The traditional enclosure structure, under the condition of ensuring 18 degrees Celsius in the main room in winter and 26 degrees Celsius in the summer, using an electric heater with energy efficiency ratio of 1 in winter and cooling with air conditioning with an energy efficiency ratio of 2.2 in summer, calculating an annual heating and air conditioning. Energy consumption, which is used as the basic energy consumption, is considered to be 100%. On this basis, the parameters of the thermal, heating and air conditioning of the newly designed building are determined to be reduced by 50%.
On July 1, 2005, the Ministry of Construction issued the public building energy-saving design standards. The public buildings built in the early 1980s were also used as the “base building†for comparative energy consumption. Under the condition of maintaining the indoor environmental parameters agreed with the current standard, the new public building will adjust the parameters of this “reference building†and design according to the 50% energy saving regulations.
Two experts from the Shanghai Branch of the China Academy of Building Research, who is in charge of the national code for building energy conservation, told the reporter that according to national regulations, the newly-constructed buildings in the Shanghai area have basically achieved the goal of 50% energy saving in buildings.
This goal is achieved through two approaches: one is to achieve the indoor temperature and lighting conditions specified in the “base buildingâ€, the energy efficiency ratio of the HVAC equipment and lighting equipment currently used in Shanghai in the new building; the second is the building itself. Energy-saving renovation of the envelope structure. After many renovations, the energy-saving technical system for the envelope structure in Shanghai has been initially formed.
The goal of 50% of building energy efficiency in Shanghai is very difficult to achieve.
However, after participating in the Shanghai CPPCC's special investigation on building energy conservation, the relevant experts said that “the goal of 50% of building energy efficiency in Shanghai is not only not realized now, but it is very difficult to achieve.â€
Experts believe that in the early 1980s, few households in Shanghai used air conditioning. In winter and summer, the indoor temperature in Shanghai rarely reached 18 degrees Celsius and 26 degrees Celsius respectively required by the “base buildingâ€. In those days, Shanghainese used “winter wear cotton jackets†indoors. In the summer, the fan is used to protect the cold and summer. As a result, the current home energy efficiency is even higher, and it is impossible to achieve the goal of 50% energy saving when air conditioning is not used or rarely used at that time. It seems that the requirements for life comfort are different, the measurement scale is different, and the conclusions drawn are also the opposite. Many experts have emphasized that the state requires that 50% of building energy efficiency should be the real energy saved, not virtual statistics.
Energy efficiency standards need to be refined
A senior architect of Shanghai Architectural Design Institute Co., Ltd. said that today's building requirements have changed a lot compared with the early 1980s, and many situations lack comparability. He said that from 1986 to the present, the state has successively issued 9 regulations on building energy conservation, but from the perspective of implementation, the specificity and operability of these regulations need to be further improved, especially the blank of the implementation rules of energy conservation standards. The status must be changed as soon as possible to ensure the reliability of the energy saving effect.
Experts from the Shanghai Municipal CPPCC Building Energy Conservation Task Force believe that there is still a lot of work to keep up with the 50% goal of building energy efficiency. There are four aspects of specific performance: First, the existing laws and regulations are lagging behind. For example, the current regulations stipulate that the wall thickness is 35 cm, while the high-quality insulation materials are used, the thickness is more than 35 cm, which conflicts with the current regulations. Second, the cost of energy-saving materials is high. The developer is not willing to use it; thirdly, energy-saving home appliances are often “energy-saving and not cost-effectiveâ€. The electricity bill saved during the effective life is often not worth the one-time overpayment when purchasing home appliances, and the people are not willing to buy it; The construction of energy-efficient buildings is difficult, and the construction quality supervision at the construction site is not supported by laws and regulations.
Basic research needs to be strengthened
Professor Fu Kecheng, a Shanghai government counselor and architectural planning expert, believes that in order to ensure the implementation of energy-saving indicators, in addition to legislation, developers must use energy-saving enclosures, HVAC equipment, lighting fixtures, and force the entry of household appliances to the market, to ensure market supply. In addition to energy-saving appliances, the Ministry of Construction must also organize experts to calm down and study the many new design factors that cause high energy consumption in the current building.
Liu Haojiang of Shanghai Architectural Design Institute Co., Ltd. believes that the comprehensive evaluation system for building energy efficiency, which is seriously absent, has also caused the arbitrariness in the implementation of energy-saving indicators. At present, after the completion of the house, the developer simply cannot provide basic data on the energy consumption of the building, but only sells the individual energy-saving achievements such as the envelope structure. A comprehensive evaluation system that gives developers, designers and builders a fair and equitable evaluation and selection basis still requires solid foundational research.
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