The power circuit principle is illustrated in the diagram. When the switch S1 is closed, the current is phase-shifted by the load and the network consisting of R5, R2, and Cl, and is triggered by the bidirectional trigger diode VD3 and the trigger thyristor SCR. Due to the high resistance of the R2 resistor, the conduction angle of the thyristor SCR is minimal. At this point, a lower voltage is available at the output (can be designed to zero for delayed activation).
SCR can be chosen as a 6A/600V, trigger current less than 10mA thyristor; VT1 can be selected as a general FET, such as 3DJ6 or 3DJ7; VT2 can be selected as 3CG21 with β≥100; VT3 can be selected as a high gain transistor with β≥500, such as 9014; VD1, VD7 can be selected as fast recovery diodes with a voltage greater than 400V, such as 1N4007; VD5, VD6 should have a power rating of no less than 1W; R14 should have a power rating of no less than 2W; R1, R5 should have a power rating of no less than 1W; R4 should have a power rating of no less than ½W; other resistors can use 1/8W power-rated ones. If long-term timing is required, C3 should be selected with a small leakage capacitor. There are no specific requirements for other components. The photocoupler in the regulator has no finished product supply, but it can be self-made, i.e., a photoresistor with a dark resistance of 10 MΩ, a light resistance of 10 kΩ, a power of 200 mW, and a high-brightness light-emitting diode can be packaged together and shielded from the outside.
In addition to these considerations, when designing such circuits, one must also ensure that the overall system is robust against electrical noise and interference, especially in industrial environments where conditions can be unpredictable. Proper grounding techniques and shielding measures are essential to prevent malfunctions caused by electromagnetic interference. Furthermore, the selection of appropriate capacitors and inductors plays a critical role in maintaining stable voltage levels and preventing unwanted oscillations in the power supply. Regular testing and calibration of the circuitry are recommended to ensure optimal performance over time.
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