The power circuit principle is illustrated in the diagram below. When switch S1 is closed, the current is phase-shifted through the load and the network formed by R5, R2, and Cl, triggering the bidirectional trigger diode VD3 and the trigger thyristor SCR. Given the high resistance of R2, the conduction angle of the thyristor SCR remains relatively small, allowing for a lower output voltage (which can be adjusted to zero for delayed activation).
SCR can be chosen as a 6A/600V type with a trigger current less than 10mA; VT1 can be a standard FET like 3DJ6 or 3DJ7; VT2 should have a β≥100, such as 3CG21; VT3 requires a high-gain transistor with β≥500, such as 9014; VD1 and VD7 should be fast recovery diodes with a voltage rating above 400V, like 1N4007; VD5 and VD6 must have a power rating of at least 1W; R14 should have a power rating of at least 2W; R1 and R5 require a power rating of at least 1W; R4 should have a power rating of at least 0.5W; other resistors can use 1/8W. For long-term timing applications, C3 should be selected with a low-leakage capacitor. No specific requirements apply to other components. Photocouplers can be self-assembled using a photoresistor with a dark resistance of 10 MΩ, a light resistance of 10 kΩ, and a power rating of 200 mW, along with a high-brightness LED, all enclosed in a shielded housing.
In addition to these specifications, it's crucial to ensure proper thermal management for long-term reliability, especially when dealing with high-power applications. Regular testing and calibration of the system are also recommended to maintain optimal performance. Furthermore, incorporating surge protection mechanisms can enhance the robustness of the circuit against transient voltage spikes, ensuring prolonged operational life.
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