Internationally, TDD technology not only brings new opportunities for non-traditional operators such as TV operators and operators specializing in rural communication services to enter the mobile market, but also makes traditional operators in the FDD band already stretched, Ushered in the second industrial opportunity.
Complicated LTE spectrum resources
Industry organizations predict that there will be more than 200 LTE networks in the world by 2015, but they will be scattered in 38 frequency bands. As more and more operators establish LTE networks, the frequency band range will increase, that is, some operators will use different and incompatible frequencies in the same frequency band, which will hinder LTE international roaming (such as the 700MHz band resources in the United States) There is such a problem.)
In addition to 700MHz (Americas and elsewhere), 800MHz (Europe and other regions), 1.8GHz (a key 2G frequency band), 2.6GHz (in many regions is the new 4G frequency band, has been widely used in the TDD mode in the United States), etc. The main frequency bands, traditional equipment manufacturers targeting non-US markets have also begun to consider networking in multiple frequency bands, and most European and Asian mobile companies are focusing on the development of multi-mode 3G / 4G equipment to operate at two different frequencies LTE deployment.
800MHz / 1.8GHz / 2.6GHz is a key LTE frequency band in most of Europe. Orange and Telstra operators have made it clear that their minimum requirements for equipment are to be able to effectively roam on quad-band GSM / EDGE, tri-band HSPA, and tri-band LTE. At the same time, operators in the Middle East and Europe such as the United Kingdom also showed strong interest in 900MHz (because Vodafone and O2 lacked the redistribution of 1.8GHz resources).
A recent survey by Rethink Technology shows that the complexity of LTE frequency band resources is affecting the priority of traditional equipment manufacturers in producing different devices. In addition to most mobile phones will support 3 or even 4 LTE frequencies, manufacturers will always pay attention to which new frequency bands operators will use to launch services. Studies have shown that with the rise of Asia, the United States will lose its leading position in mobile communications, and 700MHz will give way to other international frequency bands, especially the very promising 2.6GHz band.
The influence of the BRIC countries
When international mobile communications entered the LTE era, some unpredictable trends slowly surfaced. Equipment suppliers and industry experts are really interested in how long it takes for the BRIC countries to start investing in 4G on a large scale as the engine of world economic growth?
India: intends to directly enter 4G
The Indian government has promised to auction 700MHz and other frequency bands suitable for LTE in the short term, and has given a policy roadmap to directly promote existing mobile services to 4G.
Indian operators have previously invested heavily in the auction of 3G spectrum, and it is difficult to expect them to invest too much enthusiasm in the new auction before they get a return on investment. The country's well-known low ARPU value and low equipment prices have increased slightly with the use of 3G, but it is difficult to see that it can support the continuous profitability of 4G applications. The construction of the overall communication market ecological network system is also complicated by the intervention of the Indian government. The government requires mobile operators to purchase most of the required equipment from domestic suppliers, although India's own wireless equipment production capacity is still very immature.
All these factors indicate that India's 4G construction in the next three to four years will be limited to the TDD 2.3GHz broadband wireless access frequency band. The state-owned BSNL company started the deployment of WiMAX, but it seems that the frequency will be changed at present, the reason is the lack of a reasonable business model. The largest 4G deployment plan in India is Reliance Infotel's "National TD-LTE Plan", but it will begin as early as 2013.
China: TD-LTE is on the line
In the development of LTE, the situation in China is even more confusing. China Mobile (Weibo) is very eager to quickly migrate to 4G due to its imperfect TD-SCDMA network and also possessing TDD spectrum resources, thus becoming the main promoter of TD-LTE. At present, China Mobile has built a huge test network based on multiple large cities and an international alliance for equipment production and roaming. However, TD-LTE is still facing regulatory pressure to promote its use throughout the country.
The regulator said that TD-LTE commercial use will only be approved after the TD-LTE commercial capability reaches a "mature level", and some analysts believe it will take 2 to 3 years. China Telecom (Weibo) and China Unicom (Weibo) are still expanding and upgrading their 3G systems, and are not very keen to invest in technologies such as LTE that require network transformation and actual testing.
Russia: Government is active
In contrast, Russia and Brazil will have rapid development in the field of mobile broadband. Mobile communications in these two countries are experiencing rapid growth. However, the overly scattered and inconsistent 3G and cable infrastructure will make it difficult to effectively support this. The growth trend, so the two countries have a strong incentive to develop LTE to meet the needs of mobile broadband communications in the vast territory.
In Russia, even before many frequencies were opened, the government has taken some measures to promote the construction of LTE networks, including encouraging the establishment of a single network to be shared by four operators and so on. This single network is mainly built and runs on the mobile broadband spectrum occupied by Yota when it initially operated WiMAX. The other three mobile companies and fixed-line giant Rostelecom all use their LTE initial services and also own Yota shares.
However, the various disputes and reports surrounding this plan have become very popular. Mobile companies MegaFon (the country's second largest mobile operator), MTS and VimpelCom have previously intended to abandon the plan and go their own way. However, the quarrel has become a quarrel. Several participants have signed a cooperation agreement, and the commercialization of 4G is expected to be realized in 2012.
This agreement not only allows operators to jointly use the LTE network, but also includes providing more sites and infrastructure to expand their systems. For example, Yota will be able to use MegaFon's 120,000 kilometers of fiber and more than 25,000 GSM base stations to build its 4G radio access network (RAN). Rostelecom has obtained a more conventional mobile virtual network operator agreement, which will allow it to provide LTE services to its 100 million users.
Brazil: auction spectrum in progress
At the same time, the Brazilian government is preparing to auction three spectrum resources for mobile data transmission capabilities, and the fourth is already under consultation. The two auctioned first are the 2.5GHz and 450MHz bands, followed by the 3.5GHz band. The 700MHz digital band will also be auctioned. Latin American giant operators intend to bid for 2.5GHz licenses.
The 450MHz frequency band is unusually allocated. This frequency band was used for 1G networks, and it was also used for CDMA network redistribution in some parts of Eastern Europe, Asia, and other regions. Its low frequency makes it an ideal choice for low-cost coverage in sparsely populated areas, which is also helpful to help Brazil cover its large areas of unserviced areas, especially before operators wait for the standardization of the 700MHz frequency band below 1GHz. The operator is very helpful. 700MHz is the initial starting frequency band of LTE in the United States, which will facilitate the establishment of a wider equipment ecosystem based on this frequency band and provide better roaming opportunities relative to 450MHz.
Brazil ’s telecommunications authority is also preparing to auction the 3.5GHz band in the second half of 2012. This band is traditionally used to support WiMAX or fixed wireless, and is not part of the LTE application range, but it can be used for short-range video and data services. For backhaul and enterprise access.
By the end of 2012, Brazil will provide 764MHz frequency resources to mobile operators, and according to ITU requirements, it will need to provide 980MHz frequency resources in 2015 to meet demand. 700MHz will help accomplish this goal, but the premise is to free it from the broadcast application band. By 2016, when digital TV services are in use, this frequency band will no longer be used for broadcasting.
Link: South African operator "test water" LTE experiment network
South Africa, as a new emerging economy in the world, officially joined the BRIC Group consisting of Brazil, Russia, India and China at the first BRICS summit in April this year, and was listed as a BRIC country. In the field of wireless communication evolution, currently the top three operators in South Africa have all launched LTE experimental network projects, but due to frequency band constraints, large-scale LTE construction has not yet been put on the agenda.
It is reported that in July last year, South Africa's largest telecommunications operator MTN has deployed an LTE test network in South Africa's Gauteng province. Initially, about 100 base stations were deployed. Huawei and Ericsson acted as equipment suppliers for the test network. MTN expects that it will take at least two to three years for South Africa's LTE to officially switch from pilot projects to commercial use.
In June 2010, South African operator Vodacom also announced LTE testing and built 100-150 telecom base stations for testing, using the 1800MHz and 2100MHz frequency bands. Cell C, the third largest telecommunications operator in South Africa, also announced that it will transition to LTE in the future, and carried out LTE technology tests in March 2011. The spectrum used is 900MHz and 850MHz.
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