Wireless sensor network and its application design in preventive maintenance of optical cable trunk
The wireless sensor network is a self-organizing network, which has the characteristics of rapid deployment and strong resistance to destruction. It is widely used in defense and military, national security, and environmental monitoring. In this paper, based on the preventive maintenance requirements of the optical cable trunk and the characteristics of the wireless sensor network, the design scheme of the optical cable trunk warning system based on the wireless sensor network is given.
Keywords: wireless sensor network, optical cable trunk, preventive maintenance, design plan
1. Introduction With the rapid development and continuous integration of communication technology, embedded computing technology, distributed information processing technology and sensor technology, a new type of wireless sensor network with perception, computing and communication capabilities has gradually developed. It has the advantages of simple opening, low price, strong invulnerability and high concealment, and it has been well applied in developed countries.
2. Wireless sensor network and its characteristics Wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Network, WSN) is a new type of information acquisition system, which is composed of a large number of inexpensive mini-sensor nodes deployed in the monitoring area, and forms a multi-hop through wireless communication. The purpose of the self-organizing network system is to collaboratively monitor, sense, and collect information of various sensing objects in the network coverage area, process the information, and finally send it to the observer. A wireless sensor network is a low-power, self-organizing network. It is generally composed of one or more base stations (Sink nodes) and a large number of wireless network nodes equipped with various sensors deployed in the monitoring area. Each node has low cost, low power consumption, and has certain computing and communication capabilities. Although the data collected by a single node is not precise and reliable, a large number of nodes cooperate with each other to form a highly unified network structure, which improves the accuracy of data collection and the reliability of operation. It can be used in data acquisition and transmission in special areas where human resources are unreachable. It has characteristics unmatched by other networks, and can be widely used in defense, environmental monitoring, smart home and other fields.
Compared with other wireless communication networks such as cellular networks and wireless local area networks, wireless sensor networks have their own distinctive features:
l) Distributed and self-organizing. The wireless sensor network is a network composed of peer nodes, and there is no central control. Management and networking are very simple and flexible. Without relying on a fixed infrastructure, each node has a routing function, and can form a network through self-coordination and automatic arrangement, without the need for other auxiliary facilities and artificial means.
2) Robustness. Due to factors such as energy limitation, environmental interference and human destruction, sensor nodes will be damaged, resulting in some sensor nodes not working properly, but a large number of randomly distributed nodes can coordinate and complement each other to ensure that the damage of some sensor nodes will not affect the global task.
3) Scalability. When new wireless sensor nodes are added to the network, no other external conditions are required. The original wireless sensor network can effectively incorporate the new nodes, so that the new nodes can quickly integrate into the network and participate in the overall work.
4) Dynamic topology. The wireless sensor network is a dynamic network. The nodes in the network may exit the network due to energy exhaustion or other failures; some nodes may be in a working state, some nodes may be in a closed state, and are not involved in network communication; there may be new ones A large number of nodes are integrated into the network, which will make the topology of the network change at any time.
5) Application related. Wireless sensor networks are used to perceive the objective physical world and obtain physical world information. Different sensor network applications care about different physical quantities, so different application backgrounds will lead to different node hardware platforms, software systems and network protocols. Wireless sensor networks cannot have a unified communication protocol platform like the Internet, and sensor network technologies must be studied for specific applications. This is also a distinguishing feature of wireless sensor networks from traditional network systems.
6) Large scale. In order to improve the reliability of the network, a large number of sensor nodes are usually deployed in the target area. The sensor network may contain up to thousands or even tens of thousands of sensor nodes. The large-scale nature of the sensor network can also obtain a greater signal-to-noise ratio through different spatial perspectives, thereby improving monitoring accuracy.
7) High redundancy. The large-scale deployment of nodes makes the wireless sensor network usually have higher node redundancy, network link redundancy and collected data redundancy, so that the system has a strong fault tolerance.
8) Spatial location addressing. The wireless sensor network generally does not need to support point-to-point communication between any two sensor nodes, and the sensor nodes do not need to have a globally unique identification, nor do they need to use Internet IP addressing. Users often do not care which node the data is collected from, but care about the spatial position to which the data belongs, so they can adopt the spatial position addressing mode. In this sense, the sensor network usually uses the data itself as a query or transmission clue, so the sensor network is a data-centric network.
3. Preventive maintenance requirements for optical fiber trunks The optical fiber communication transmission network is the basis of other business networks. Once the optical fiber communication transmission network is blocked, it will affect the business network systems it carries. Therefore, how to take measures to prevent the obstruction of the optical fiber communication transmission network Break, it becomes particularly important. In the blocking of the optical fiber communication transmission network, part of the blocking is caused by natural disasters such as landslides, landslides, and foundation settlement, and has multiple characteristics in the same section. Therefore, we can apply wireless sensor networks to the optical cable trunk line. Monitoring and early warning of the high-risk areas of the danger, forecasting the danger in advance, reminding the line maintenance personnel to make preparations for roadbed fixation, line rush-through and line rectification in advance, to eliminate hidden dangers in the bud.
4. The design of the optical cable trunk warning system based on the wireless sensor network The communication optical cable trunk is generally deployed in the soil layer below the surface. When the geological conditions change (such as: landslides, landslides, foundation settlement, etc.), it is easy to damage the optical cable, causing communication interruption and impact The normal operation of the communication network. To this end, we can design an optical cable trunk early warning system based on a wireless sensor network. Its architecture is shown in Figure 1. The system consists of a data acquisition subsystem, a data transmission subsystem, and a data management subsystem.
The data acquisition subsystem is composed of corresponding sensors and their transmitters, and is responsible for the collection of soil stress, temperature, humidity and other status information. Each sensor is deployed in the soil layer of the road section to be monitored, and the collected information is converted by the A / D conversion of the WSN node The interface enters the node.
The data transmission subsystem consists of a wireless sensor network node, a Micro Controller Unit (MCU), a GPRS / GSM / CDMA module, and a satellite communication network, and is responsible for uploading the collected data to the management center. The wireless sensor network node has a dual function. On the one hand, it connects various sensors and receives corresponding data. On the other hand, it is responsible for data packaging and transmission, and acts as a router. The wireless sensor network is a self-organizing network. Once deployed, it can be automatically networked, and the next hop node can be selected independently, so that data can be uploaded to the sink node through multiple nodes in a multi-hop relay mode. The micro control unit is responsible for receiving and forwarding data to the management center through the GPRS / GSM / CDMA module. GPRS / GSM / CDMA data transmission module and satellite communication network are mainly used to realize remote data transmission. Generally, the area to be monitored is far away from the management center, and the data transmission method using GPRS / GSM / CDMA is more flexible and efficient.
The data management subsystem is the management center of the system. It is a subsystem used for system data storage, management, analysis, display, and maintenance. It mainly includes database servers, application servers, and related supporting facilities. It is responsible for storing and managing the collected data. For example, the system analyzes the change of soil stress based on the collected data. If the stress exceeds the limit, it may indicate that the soil layer may have landslides, settlements, and other disasters. The system automatically issues sound and light warnings, and displays specific information such as specific locations, which can prompt maintenance personnel to advance Take necessary remedial measures to ensure that the communication cable is not damaged. At the same time, the data management subsystem also includes a data query and display system based on the B / S model. Clients can access the system through the data transmission network (DCN) to view and analyze the communication fiber optic cable of a certain area for the communication network management department such as the network management center. Security status provides access. The management center is deployed in the maintenance centers of various regions. Once the system issues an early warning, the staff on duty can immediately notify the line maintenance personnel to perform preventive maintenance at the location indicated by the system to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the optical fiber communication transmission network.
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